A Multivariate Approach to Investigate Metallurgical Technology: The Case of the Chinese Ritual Bronzes

Abstract Research into ancient Chinese metallurgy has flourished over recent years with the accumulation of analytical data reflecting needs so many archaeological finds. However, relationship between technology and society is unlikely to be revealed simply by analysing more artefacts. This particularly evident in debates sources metals used manufacture ritual bronzes Shang (c. 1500-1046 BCE), Western Zhou 1046–771 BCE) Eastern 771–256 dynasties. article recognises that approaches often fail provide robust platforms from which investigate metallurgical within its wider social cultural contexts. To address this issue, a recently developed multivariate approach applied 300 legacy sets nearly 100 unearthed copper-based objects Anyang Hanzhong. Unlike previous investigations have relied predominantly on interpreting lead isotope signatures, compositional analyses presented here indicate copper are derived mining progressively deeper ores same deposits rather than seeking out new sources. It proposed interpretations social, technological change predicated acquisition disparate regions during Bronze Age may need revised.